Obesity

What is obesity?

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative impact on health. It is typically defined by having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

How common is obesity?

Obesity is increasingly common worldwide. In the UK, approximately 1 in 4 adults are classified as obese, and the numbers continue to rise among both adults and children.

Is obesity serious?

Yes, obesity is associated with a range of serious health conditions including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, certain cancers, and mental health issues. It can also impact mobility and overall quality of life.

When and how to get help with obesity

If you are concerned about your weight, especially if you have a BMI over 30 or experience obesity-related health issues, it is important to seek advice from a GP. Early intervention can prevent long-term complications and improve overall wellbeing.

How to know if you have obesity

Obesity is usually identified through measuring BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Individuals may also notice physical signs such as breathlessness with minor exertion, increased sweating, fatigue, or joint and back pain.

Typical signs and symptoms of obesity

People living with obesity often experience difficulty with physical activity, fatigue, breathlessness, and excessive sweating. They may also suffer from joint and back pain, skin problems, low self-esteem, and social isolation, which can negatively affect mental health.

Complications of untreated obesity

If left untreated, obesity significantly increases the risk of developing chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer, including breast and bowel cancer. Mental health can also be severely impacted, with higher rates of depression and anxiety among individuals with obesity.

What causes obesity?

Obesity is generally caused by an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. This imbalance often results from a combination of factors such as unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, genetics, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Risk factors for developing obesity

A number of factors can increase the likelihood of developing obesity. These include a family history of obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet high in calories and low in nutrients, psychological factors such as stress and depression, socioeconomic status, and certain medical conditions or medications that promote weight gain.

Is obesity hereditary or lifestyle-based?

Obesity is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetics can predispose individuals to weight gain, but lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise habits, and stress management play a significant role in the development and management of obesity.

How is obesity diagnosed?

Obesity is diagnosed primarily through BMI calculations. A BMI of 30 or higher typically indicates obesity. Waist circumference measurements can also be used to assess abdominal fat, and healthcare providers may conduct additional tests such as blood pressure checks, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels to evaluate obesity-related health risks.

Tests and assessments used to identify obesity

Healthcare providers often use BMI, waist circumference, and body fat analysis as initial screening tools. They may also perform blood tests to assess glucose tolerance, cholesterol, liver function, and thyroid function, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of health risks associated with obesity.

Medical treatment for obesity

Medical treatments for obesity can include prescription medications to aid weight loss, weight management programmes, and in some cases, bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Treatment plans are often personalised based on the severity of obesity and the presence of associated health conditions.

Therapies and interventions for obesity

Behavioural therapy is commonly used to help individuals make sustainable lifestyle changes. Nutritional counselling, physical activity programmes, and psychological support are essential parts of a comprehensive obesity management plan. In cases where mental health is a contributing factor, therapy targeting emotional eating or depression may be recommended.

Do medications help with obesity?

Medications can be an effective tool for some individuals struggling with obesity, particularly when combined with lifestyle changes. Options include appetite suppressants, medications that reduce fat absorption, or newer agents like GLP-1 receptor agonists like Mounjaro and Wegovy, which help regulate appetite and blood sugar levels.

Lifestyle changes to manage obesity

Managing obesity typically involves a combination of healthy eating habits, increased physical activity, and behavioural modifications. Eating a balanced, calorie-controlled diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, along with engaging in regular physical activity such as walking, swimming, or strength training, is fundamental.

Home remedies and self-help strategies

At home, individuals can implement strategies such as meal planning, keeping food journals, setting realistic goals, practising mindful eating, and involving family members in healthy lifestyle changes. Building healthy routines and seeking peer support can significantly enhance long-term success.

When should you get medical help for obesity?

You should consult a doctor if your BMI is 30 or higher, if you experience obesity-related health issues such as type 2 diabetes or hypertension, or if weight gain is significantly affecting your daily life and emotional wellbeing.

Obesity in children

Obesity in children is a growing concern and can lead to long-term health issues. Early intervention focusing on healthy eating, physical activity, and positive lifestyle habits is crucial to prevent complications and promote lifelong health.

Obesity during pregnancy

Pregnant women with obesity face increased risks of complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and delivery complications. Careful weight management and monitoring are essential during pregnancy to ensure the health of both mother and baby.

Obesity in older adults

Older adults with obesity may experience reduced mobility, joint problems, and an increased risk of chronic conditions. Tailored exercise programmes and nutritional support are important to maintain independence and health in later life.

Can you prevent obesity?

Obesity can often be prevented by adopting healthy lifestyle habits early in life. Maintaining a balanced diet, staying physically active, and promoting mental wellbeing all contribute to reducing the risk of developing obesity.

Tips to reduce your risk

Eating a nutritious, portion-controlled diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding excessive consumption of processed foods and sugary drinks, managing stress effectively, and getting adequate sleep are all important strategies to prevent obesity.

Living with obesity

Living with obesity requires a comprehensive, long-term approach to health that addresses both physical and emotional needs. Support from healthcare providers, friends, and family is key to maintaining motivation and achieving sustainable health goals.

How to manage obesity in the long term

Long-term management of obesity involves consistent healthy eating, regular physical activity, behavioural therapy where necessary, routine medical follow-ups, and maintaining a positive mindset focused on gradual, achievable changes rather than quick fixes.

Our mission

Medicspot is dedicated to supporting individuals in achieving healthier weights through evidence-based, compassionate healthcare. We believe in empowering patients with the tools and support needed for sustainable success.

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This article is for general information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Medic Spot Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but makes no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. In the event of an emergency, please call 999 for immediate assistance.

There is no guarantee of a specific weight loss medication being prescribed. Clinicians will review your online questionnaire alongside other independently validated medical information about you and will recommend the most appropriate weight loss treatments for you based on your answers. In some cases, the clinicians may contact you for additional information. See Terms of Service for more information.